這篇文章很邱老師~
輕鬆談話般的書寫方式，看了前半段就又害我在上班時間多偷懶個幾分鐘看完它
至於這個三角戀
揪竟會有怎樣的後續發展
讓我們繼續看下去~

我是原住民
是一個很特別的原住民
從小受良好的教育
念的是最貴的私立學校
我覺得這不公平
我想幫助那些貧窮的，沒有良好教育的原住民
除了回部落教書
我能為你做什麼 原住民？

請問如果想將自己的專業提供給原住民適當的服務 可以透過什麼管道？
例如我請假一至兩個月去山區教書，之後每周末把時間給需要幫助的朋友！

The study of incest taboo, concerning Edward Westermarck hypothesis that early childhood association breeds sexual rejection, similar to human instinct not to put hands into the fire.
Professor Arthur Wolf‘s research of incest taboo, began with the phenomenon he observed that Taiwanese adopted daughter marriages, confirms what Edward Westermarck hypothesis predicts, that early childhood association indeed inhibits sexual attraction. Statistically it shows that they produce less children and more out of marriage affairs, both men and women.
He started as early as 1957，when he picked a Taiwanese community for his first field research, after having completed two years of graduate study at Cornell University and a year of language training at Stanforf University.
It was a small village near the town of Shu-lin, about ten miles southwest of Taipei City, where to his surprise that “ nearly half of the married women in the village had not joined their husbands’ families as young adults, but had instead been ‘ adopted ’ as infants and raised by their future mother-in-law. ” This kind of custom had already been documented by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Actually a Taiwanese legal scholar Tai Yen-hui, writing in Japanese, had already mentioned the relevance of the custom to the Westermarck hypothesis.
“ In October 1890, Edward Westermarck visited E. B. Taylor at Oxford, and a few months later he presented him a draft of The History of Human Marriage. What aroused Taylor‘s interest was the so-called the Westermarck hypothesis that claimed childhood association inhibits sexual attraction and is thereby the basis of the human incest taboo. ”
In their correspondences, E. B. Tylor repeatedly urged Edward Westermarck to present more evidences.
In December 1895, he posed two questions for Westermacck, “ why should men nd women avoid one nother because of contiguity, and how much evidence is there of aversion to marrige among those brought up together? “
Of the studies of the human marriages, up to the time of their correspondences and much later, through many debates and arguments among influential anthropologists, sociologists and erudite scholars, not many house-mates marriages can be cited as concrete evidences that support Westermarck hypothesis. “ In all of the societies known to anthropology in Westermarck’s time, the children normally reared together were siblingd, making it impossible to determine wheteher apparent lack of sexual attraction for one another was owing to early childhood association or to their moral restrictions impossed by the incest taboo. ” Especially when Sigmund Freud‘s view that “ Psychoanalytic investigations have shown beyond the possiblity of doubt that an incestuous love-choice is in fact the first and the regular one ” had carried the day.
Not until 1995, after more than two decades of research and intensive investigation of the marital histories of 14,402 Taiwanese women, Professor Arthur Wolf wrote the book “ Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association
A Chinese Brief For Edward Westerwarck ”
to present the evidence that Edward Westermarck couldn’t satisfy Sir Edward Burnett Tylor‘s request.
In December 1895, he posed two questions for Westermacck, “ why should men nd women avoid one nother because of contiguity, and how much evidence is there of aversion to marrige among those brought up together? “
Of the studies of the human marriages, up to the time of their correspondences and much later, through many debates and arguments among influential anthropologists, sociologists and erudite scholars, not many house-mates marriages can be cited as concrete evidences that support Westermarck hypothesis. “ In all of the societies known to anthropology in Westermarck’s time, the children normally reared together were siblingd, making it impossible to determine wheteher apparent lack of sexual attraction for one another was owing to early childhood association or to their moral restrictions impossed by the incest taboo. ” Especially when Sigmund Freud‘s view that “ Psychoanalytic investigations have shown beyond the possiblity of doubt that an incestuous love-choice is in fact the first and the regular one ” had carried the day.
Not until 1995, after more than two decades of research and intensive investigation of the marital histories of 14,402 Taiwanese women, Professor Arthur Wolf wrote the book “ Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association
A Chinese Brief For Edward Westerwarck ”
to present the evidence that Edward Westermarck couldn’t satisfy Sir Edward Burnett Tylor‘s request.
In December 1895, he posed two questions for Westermacck, “ why should men nd women avoid one nother because of contiguity, and how much evidence is there of aversion to marrige among those brought up together? “
Of the studies of the human marriages, up to the time of their correspondences and much later, through many debates and arguments among influential anthropologists, sociologists and erudite scholars, not many house-mates marriages can be cited as concrete evidences that support Westermarck hypothesis. “ In all of the societies known to anthropology in Westermarck’s time, the children normally reared together were siblingd, making it impossible to determine wheteher apparent lack of sexual attraction for one another was owing to early childhood association or to their moral restrictions impossed by the incest taboo. ” Especially when Sigmund Freud‘s view that “ Psychoanalytic investigations have shown beyond the possiblity of doubt that an incestuous love-choice is in fact the first and the regular one ” had carried the day.
Not until 1995, after more than two decades of research and intensive investigation of the marital histories of 14,402 Taiwanese women, Professor Arthur Wolf wrote the book “ Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association
A Chinese Brief For Edward Westerwarck ”
to present the evidence that Edward Westermarck couldn’t satisfy Sir Edward Burnett Tylor‘s request.
Edward Westermarck should show gratitude toward the Japanese colonial government, during their rule over Taiwan from 1895 to 1945 for 50 years, they set up a very good household registration system which provides the 14,402 Taiwanese women‘s marriages who are, luckily for Westermarck, all house-mates. Besides, thanks to professor Wolf for establishing a large data base for other researches concerning Taiwanese topics, such as “ The Prevalence of Smallpox and the spread of Vaccination in Late Nineteen Century Taiwan, Evidence from the Household Registers by John R. Shepherd ”, “ The Pattern of Uxorilocal Marriage Couples Surnaming Their Children in the Hakka Settlements in Colonial Taiwan by Li Chun-hao, Chuang Ying-chang, Yang Wen-shan, Hsu SHu-yao, and Huang Yu-lin ”, “ When Bound Feet Encounter Natural Feet: Ethnic Assimilation and Social Pressure by Yap Ko-hua ” “ The Relationship between Household Economic Status and Ethnic Intermarriage, 1905-1945: Hormosa Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations Database ( Formosa HISCO ) by Lin Chia-chi, Yang Wen-shan, Chuu Ling-in, Huang Hsiang-chen, and Kuo Yao-hsuan ” and “ Examining the Changing of the Ancestral Homeland Identity in Taiwan through Tombstones by Chen Wei-hua ”, to cite just a few at hand.
In 1968, the day right after I graduated from college, I started doing interviews for professor Wolf at San-hsia chen, Taipei prefecture, as he mentioned on page 57. Up to that time his research on adopted daughters‘ marriages, mainly cover only Hokkien speaking areas, historically called Hai-shan districts.
Thanks to the invitation of Professors Li Yih-yuan and Chung Ying-chang, to join them on a study of the demographic transition, his research was able to extend to cover the Hakka speaking areas nearby Hsin-chu City, in order to satisfy some statistical requirement for the book.
On page 54, which shall concern my own study, hereby I quote in full. “ The data reported in Table 3.7 indicate that in Hsin-chu, as in Hai-shan, the relative frequency of the three forms of marriages was not spatially patterned. The only point worth noting in this regard is that the lowest frequency of minor marruage in either Hai-shan or Hsin-chu was in the Tun-p‘ing, the most isolated of the 28 districts included in the study and the only one in which a few of our subjects were registered as sheng-tsu, “ raw aborigines, ” or what I have labeled “ mountain aborigines “. What this suggests to me is that the frequency of minor marriages declined when Han men married non-Han woman. The obvious reason is that the women from more egalitarian tradition were appalled at the idea of giving up their daughters at birth and taising dsughters-in-law in their place. This is, I suspect, one of the reason why minor marriages were rare in southern Taiwan, where the farmers transported by the Dutch and the soldiers accompanying Koxinga had little choice but to marry aborigines women. ”

The three forms of marriages referred above, the major, the uxorilocal, are for the grown-up adults, and while the minor, i.e. the adopted-daughters‘ marriages are for the house-mates.
It is purely coincident that after I retired in 2007, I went back from America to volunteer teaching in Taiwan at the areas, by then the residents were called the Native people, and later on promoted to be addressed as Autronesians. First I started at Smangus, Jianshi Township, Hsin-chu County, mostly Atayal tribe. From 2016, I began to settle nearby the geographical center of Taiwan, a town called Puli and an adjacent town called Caotun. I taught English for a string group students, attending junior high school majoring in music. In 2017, they went to Vienna, Austria at Mozart Golden Hall and won summa cum laude at the Vienna International Music Competition. Before I returned to America during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, I was teaching at Ren-Ai junior high, mostly were Atayal, Bunun and Seediq tribes.
Professor Wolf began his field research on Taiwanese adopted daughters‘ marriages when he was 25 and the book “ Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association ” finally appeared in print when he was 63 in 1995. He passed away in 2015 at age of 83.
For some reasons, I first finished reading the book on 2/28/2000 and not until 7/9/2020 I started to translate it on paper at Ren-Ai Junior High School and later finished it on I-pad on 10/05/2021 during my chemo therapy for cholangiocarcinoma ( Bile Duct Cancer ). Fortunately, there was no side effect and the daily translation work kept me going. Amazingly I had the energy to finish translating two other related books, “ Inbreeding, Incest. ans the Incest Taboo ” and “ Incest Avoidance and rhe Incest Taboo Two Aspects of Human Nature ”.
In 1968, the day right after I graduated from college, I started doing interviews for professor Wolf at San-hsia chen, Taipei prefecture, as he mentioned on page 57. Up to that time his research on adopted daughters‘ marriages, mainly cover only Hokkien speaking areas, historically called Hai-shan districts.
Thanks to the invitation of Professors Li Yih-yuan and Chung Ying-chang, to join them on a study of the demographic transition, his research was able to extend to cover the Hakka speaking areas nearby Hsin-chu City, in order to satisfy some statistical requirement for the book.
On page 54, which shall concern my own study, hereby I quote in full. “ The data reported in Table 3.7 indicate that in Hsin-chu, as in Hai-shan, the relative frequency of the three forms of marriages was not spatially patterned. The only point worth noting in this regard is that the lowest frequency of minor marruage in either Hai-shan or Hsin-chu was in the Tun-p‘ing, the most isolated of the 28 districts included in the study and the only one in which a few of our subjects were registered as sheng-tsu, “ raw aborigines, ” or what I have labeled “ mountain aborigines “. What this suggests to me is that the frequency of minor marriages declined when Han men married non-Han woman. The obvious reason is that the women from more egalitarian tradition were appalled at the idea of giving up their daughters at birth and taising dsughters-in-law in their place. This is, I suspect, one of the reason why minor marriages were rare in southern Taiwan, where the farmers transported by the Dutch and the soldiers accompanying Koxinga had little choice but to marry aborigines women. ”

The three forms of marriages referred above, the major, the uxorilocal, are for the grown-up adults, and while the minor, i.e. the adopted-daughters‘ marriages are for the house-mates.
It is purely coincident that after I retired in 2007, I went back from America to volunteer teaching in Taiwan at the areas, by then the residents were called the Native people, and later on promoted to be addressed as Autronesians. First I started at Smangus, Jianshi Township, Hsin-chu County, mostly Atayal tribe. From 2016, I began to settle nearby the geographical center of Taiwan, a town called Puli and an adjacent town called Caotun. I taught English for a string group students, attending junior high school majoring in music. In 2017, they went to Vienna, Austria at Mozart Golden Hall and won summa cum laude at the Vienna International Music Competition. Before I returned to America during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, I was teaching at Ren-Ai junior high, mostly were Atayal, Bunun and Seediq tribes.
Professor Wolf began his field research on Taiwanese adopted daughters‘ marriages when he was 25 and the book “ Sexual Attraction and Childhood Association ” finally appeared in print when he was 63 in 1995. He passed away in 2015 at age of 83.
For some reasons, I first finished reading the book on 2/28/2000 and not until 7/9/2020 I started to translate it on paper at Ren-Ai Junior High School and later finished it on I-pad on 10/05/2021 during my chemo therapy for cholangiocarcinoma ( Bile Duct Cancer ). Fortunately, there was no side effect and the daily translation work kept me going. Amazingly I had the energy to finish translating two other related books, “ Inbreeding, Incest. ans the Incest Taboo ” and “ Incest Avoidance and rhe Incest Taboo Two Aspects of Human Nature ”.
Back in 1965 when I was doing interview for Stepan Feuchtwang for his London University Ph.D dissertation on Taiwanese religion. I had the pleasure to meet Professor Judith Treisman at Stephan‘s residence in Taipei. And at that time Professor Treisman just returned from a trip to the Phillipines, she told me Taiwanese native tribes were related to the natives of the Philippines. Apparently she was ahead of the archaeology at that time and it was out of my comprehension at all.
It was she who suggested me to talk Professor Ben Anderson, who was the director of Cornell University Southeast Asian Studies when I went to study Anthropology there in 1969. Professor Ben Anderson later became the leading scholar on nationalism, because of his renown insight of “ Imagined Communities ”. Over more than 40 years we met, yet I never had a picture with him together. He passed away in 2015 in Indonesia where he started his field work. We had a memorial for him in Taiwan with the Chinese translator of his book and readers.
…outside of Ithaca..